Nestled in the serene countryside of South Korea’s Gyeongsangbuk-do province, Andong Hahoe Folk Village offers a unique glimpse into Korea’s rich cultural heritage. This traditional village has preserved its architectural style, Confucian traditions, and way of life for over 600 years. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2010, it continues to serve as a living, breathing testament to Korea’s past. For history enthusiasts and travelers eager to delve deeper into Korean culture, Hahoe Village is a must-visit destination.

From exploring traditional Korean houses, known as hanok, to participating in local customs, Andong Hahoe Folk Village brims with culture, history, and natural beauty. Below, we’ll guide you through its origins, architectural wonders, cultural traditions, and the many attractions that make it unforgettable.

1. History of Andong Hahoe Folk Village

Founded in the early 14th century, Hahoe Village (meaning “Village Enveloped by Water”) is aptly named due to its location, encircled by the Nakdong River. The village originally became home to the Ryu clan of Pungsan, a prestigious family known for producing many scholars, politicians, and Confucian leaders during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910).

Unlike many other villages in Korea, Hahoe has retained much of its original layout, architectural style, and cultural traditions. Today, it stands as a well-preserved example of a traditional yangban (noble class) village, offering visitors a rare opportunity to experience the lifestyle of Korea’s aristocracy from centuries ago. Many of the homes in the village have been passed down through generations of the Ryu family, and descendants still reside in these traditional houses, maintaining the customs of their ancestors.

2. Exploring Traditional Korean Architecture: Hanok

One of the most striking features of Andong Hahoe Folk Village is its impressive collection of hanok architecture. The village boasts over 160 hanok houses, many of which date back to the Joseon Dynasty. These homes have two types: tile-roofed houses (giwajip), typically reserved for the yangban class, and thatched-roof houses (chogajip), historically occupied by peasants or servants.

• Giwajip (Tile-Roofed Houses): These homes, with their elegant curves and dark tiled roofs, were built to reflect the social status and Confucian values of the yangban class. Yangjindang House, the largest and oldest residence in the village, was built in 1541 and remains a fine example of grand Joseon-era aristocratic architecture. Its spacious courtyards and intricate wooden latticework are typical of this style.
• Chogajip (Thatched-Roof Houses): These humble homes, made of mud walls and straw roofs, offer insight into the lives of commoners. While less ornate than giwajip, these houses exude a rustic charm, showcasing the resourcefulness of Korean peasants in using natural materials to build their homes.

The village’s layout follows geomantic principles (pungsu-jiri), with houses and structures arranged to harmonize with the landscape, promoting balance between people and nature.

3. Cultural Traditions and Confucianism

Deeply rooted in Confucianism, Hahoe Village reflects the social structure and values that dominated the Joseon Dynasty. The Ryu clan, influential Confucian scholars, played a key role in promoting these ideals.

Throughout the village, you’ll find several Confucian academies and shrines where scholars once gathered to study and discuss morality, governance, and philosophy. One noteworthy site is Byeongsan Seowon, a Confucian academy built in 1614. Located just outside the village, it offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and rivers. Visitors can explore its halls and envision the intellectual pursuits that once took place there.

The Confucian emphasis on respect for ancestors is also evident in the family shrines scattered around the village. Many of these shrines remain in use, with descendants of the Ryu family still performing ancestral rites.

4. The Famous Hahoe Mask Dance: A Living Tradition

A visit to Andong Hahoe Folk Village wouldn’t be complete without experiencing the Hahoe Mask Dance (Hahoe Byeolsingut Talnori). This traditional Korean mask performance, passed down through generations, offers an entertaining and often humorous display of village life. Originally performed during shamanistic rituals to appease village gods, the dance also served as social commentary, frequently poking fun at the nobility and clergy.

The masks used in the performance are made from alder wood and painted in vibrant colors, each representing a different character. You’ll see portrayals of the nobleman, scholar, widow, monk, and other key figures in Korean society. These masks hold cultural significance and are considered national treasures.

You can catch live mask dance performances at the village’s outdoor theater. The energetic music, captivating storytelling, and exaggerated movements transport audiences to another era. For more insight into this tradition, visit the Hahoe Mask Museum to explore a collection of traditional masks from Korea and around the world.

5. Exploring the Surrounding Natural Beauty

In addition to its cultural significance, Hahoe Village showcases stunning natural landscapes. The village is nestled between Mounts Hwasan and Namsan, with the Nakdong River flowing around it. This peaceful setting provides a perfect backdrop for leisurely walks along the riverbank or hikes up to Buyongdae Cliff, where you can enjoy panoramic views of the village below.

For a more unique experience, consider taking a traditional ferry across the Nakdong River. This scenic boat ride offers a serene way to appreciate the natural beauty, passing lush forests and dramatic cliffs. It’s an excellent opportunity for photography and peaceful reflection.

6. The Legacy of Confucian Scholar Ryu Seong-ryong

No visit to Hahoe Village is complete without learning about Ryu Seong-ryong, a renowned Confucian scholar and statesman during the Joseon Dynasty. Serving as prime minister during the Imjin War (1592–1598), Ryu played a critical role in Korea’s defense against Japan.

Visitors can explore the Ryu Seong-ryong Memorial Hall, which showcases artifacts, documents, and writings related to his life. One highlight is the Jingbirok, a memoir Ryu penned that offers a firsthand account of the war. The memorial hall also features a replica of his study, providing further insight into his contributions to Korean history.

7. Annual Andong Mask Dance Festival

If you’re planning a visit in the fall, don’t miss the Andong Mask Dance Festival, held annually in late September or early October. This lively event celebrates traditional mask dances from across Korea and around the world.

Besides the famous Hahoe Mask Dance, the festival includes performances of gugak (traditional Korean music), folk plays, and street performances. You can even participate in workshops, where you’ll learn to make your own mask or try your hand at other traditional crafts.

8. Where to Stay: Hanok Accommodations

For a truly immersive experience, stay overnight in one of the hanok guesthouses within the village. These historic homes have accommodations, allowing visitors to experience traditional Korean living. With their ondol (underfloor heating), wooden beams, and papered doors, these houses offer a charming blend of comfort and culture.

Spending the night also allows you to enjoy the village’s peaceful atmosphere at dawn or dusk, when the crowds have thinned, and the village takes on an almost mystical quality.

9. Local Cuisine: Andong’s Culinary Delights

No trip to Andong would be complete without sampling its famous cuisine. The most well-known dish is Andong Jjimdak, a savory braised chicken dish cooked with vegetables and glass noodles in a soy-based sauce. You’ll find several restaurants serving this hearty dish within the village.

Another local favorite is heotjesabap, a rice dish traditionally eaten by scholars during ancestral rites. Served with a variety of side dishes, including vegetables, fish, and tofu, it provides a glimpse into the Confucian rituals that once shaped Korean life. For dessert, try Andong sikhye, a traditional rice punch flavored with ginger and cinnamon—perfect for cooling off after a day of exploration.

10. How to Get There

Andong Hahoe Folk Village is about a three-hour drive from Seoul, making it an ideal day trip or weekend getaway. You can easily reach the village by bus or train from Seoul to Andong, followed by a short bus ride or taxi to the village.

If you’re visiting during the Andong Mask Dance Festival, be sure to book your accommodations and transportation early, as the village tends to get busy during this popular event.

Conclusion

Andong Hahoe Folk Village offers visitors a unique window into Korea’s past, with its traditional architecture, cultural performances, and scenic surroundings. Whether you’re a history buff, culture lover, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, Hahoe Village promises an unforgettable experience that will leave a lasting impression.